托业语法之代词知识点学习

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1.所有关系代词that，who，whom，which，whose引出的定语从句

关系代词修饰先行词，语法上要充当从句得主语，宾语，定语等。

非正式文体中，作宾语得关系代词常省略;作主语得在句型为：itbe……，thatbe……，therebe……时才省略。

从句的谓语要与修饰语保持一致。

Thisisthebookwhiich/thathasjustappeared.

Thegirl(whom/that)yousawyesterdayismygirlfriend.

ThenhemetMary，whonivitedhimtoaparty.

HereisAlice，(whom)Imentionedtheotherday.

若先行词是everything，something，anything，none，one，some，little，much，theonly，thevery，高级等，有人和物组成时，用that或省略;人时用whoorwhose.

Isthateverythingthatyouwanttotellus

Thisistheonlypropertythatihave.

Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlivedinthatcountry——这个that作主语在这里不能省略，请注意!

Thereareonlythreeboysandtwocarsthaticansee.

2.关系代词as，but引出的定语从句

as可用在thesame……as，such……as，as……as……等结构中，作主语，宾语，表语，状语等成分。

but此时=that/who/which……not.与带有否定词的主句连用，在从句中一般作主语。

Inthenuclearpowerstationweusethesamegeneratorasisusedinthethermalpowerstation.

Iceconsistsofthesamenoleculesaswater(consistof)

Ihaveneverseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare.

Thereisnorulebuthas(which/thatdoesnothave)exception.

3.关系副词when，where，why引出得定语从句

when，where句中作状语，=介词which"

修饰reason可用whyorforwhichorthat

在非正式文体中，whenandwhy常省略，where被介词后置的形式代替。

Idonotremembertheday(when/onwhich)heleft.

Theyear(when/inwhich)Ienteredtheuniversitywas1908.

WithTV，wecanseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment(when/that/atwhich)theyarehapppening.

Thatistherason(why/that/forwhich)shespoke.

4.as，which引导的特种定语从句

在引导非性定语从句时，as，which代表前面整个句子。

as可作主语，宾语，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，位置不定。

which作主语，同上，引导的从句不可前置。

Aswasusualattheweekend，theclubwasalmostempty.

Asyoucansee，wehavegotaproblemwiththeengine.

metalshavemanygoodpropertics，ashasbeenstatedbefore.

Hemissedthetrain，whichannoyedhimverymuch.