少儿英语三大从句解析

在初中少儿英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。今天小编和大家一起学习一下。

1宾语从句

定义

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

连接词

that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.

Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.

Wh":Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.

Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.

只用whether的情况：

1.与ornot连用：

Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.

2.与动词不定式连用：

Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.

3.连接词前有介词时：

Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.

时态

1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)

Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.

2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.

3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

2定语从句

定义

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词

先行词指人who/that

先行词指物which/that

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后

关系代词

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

翻译方法….的"

Whom:先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.

2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.

Whose:指人或物，作定语，表示…的"

eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.

关系代词只能that的特殊情况：

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：

Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.

2.先行词前有形容词，高级修饰时：

ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

3.先行词是不定代词something,anything等时.

e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop

4.先行词是人和物时,用that.

e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.

6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.

Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?

当关系代词前使用介词时：物介词which;人介词whom

当关系代词前使用介词时：

e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.

2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.

3状语从句

定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句地点状语从句

原因状语从句目的状语从句

结果状语从句条件状语从句

方式状语从句让步状语从句

1.时间状语从句

When---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.

When---正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。

Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.

When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。

SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.

When=after

Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.

While---在……期间，往往指一段时间。

WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.

While---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。

Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.

As---一边……一边,随着

Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.

As---当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。

AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.

Themoment---一……就……=assoonas,immediately,

---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.

Not…until---直到……才

Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.

Before---在……之前

Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.

After---在……之后

Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.

Since---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时

IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.

Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.

Assoonas---一……就……

Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.

Nosoonerthan---一……就……

nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装

Hardly…when…

Scarcely…when…

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.

Once---一但……就……

Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.

Everytime,eachtime每次whenever每当

Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.

2.条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有：

If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras---据……所知，incase万一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…为条件

If---如果

Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.

Unless---如果不,除非=ifnot

Wecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight

Aslongas---只要

Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.

As(so)faras---据……所知

AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.

Incase---假使,如果

Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.

Providedthat如果,有时省略that

Theplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.

Onconditionthat---条件是…

Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.

注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。

Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.

3.地点状语从句

地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,wherever

Where---在……地方

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherever---无论哪里

Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.

4.原因状语从句

because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.

Because---因为,通常从句放在主句后.

MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.

As---因为,通常放在句首

Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.

Since---既然因语气较弱,常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.

Nowthat---既然

Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.

consideringthat---顾及到

Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.

seeingthat---由于

Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,sothat,so…that…

such…thatSo…that---太……以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用that

Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb喷气炸弹.

Sothat---因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去

Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.

Such…that…---太……以至于用法与so…that相同，但such后面应用名词。

Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.

6.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest

(So)that---以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等

Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.

inorderthat---为了,与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等

Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.

forfearthat---生怕;为了防止(某事发生)

Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

incase---万一

Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.

Lest---以防万一

Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.

7.让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.

Although,though---虽然although和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。

Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.

Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.

As---尽管as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换。

Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.

Evenif/eventhough---即使

Evenifyoudon’tlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.

However---不论，however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装

Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.

Nomatter(what,when,where,how)---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）

Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.

Whatever---不管

Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewon’tchangehermind.

While---尽管

WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.

Whether---不管，常与ornot连用

Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.

8.方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由:as,asif,asthough

as---与……一样

DoinRomeastheRomansdo.

asif,asthough---仿佛,由asif或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气

Shestoodatthedoorasif(=asthough)shewerewaitingforsomeone.