雅思段落大意配对题讲解分享

面对连上热搜的雅思，新形势下的阅读我们该怎么办。作为考试圈的顶流那么面对雅思阅读连续上热搜新形势下的阅读我们该怎么办今天我们来解密一下段落大意配对题。

畏惧指数

虽然该题型出题逻辑条理比较缜密，但也不可破。大量的8分段选手也证明了该题是完全可以攻破的，段落题目之所以难，是因为并不像细节题目一样，只要看个别句子就能解决问题，它需要同学们的归纳总结能力。

那么，要如何快速阅读并拿下每段话的段落大意答案是掌握顺序词，掌握段落框架段落主旨句

段落主旨一般是人物观点等抽象的概念，细节内容则是具体的例子，会出现人,事,地,物等。读段落的时候，由于受到词汇和时间的，并不需要匀速读完整段内容，而是应该学会分析段落结构，找到主题句。原则是：scan首二位尾句，skim中间部分。也就是，段落首尾要多花时间去理解，剩下的内容可以加快一点阅读速度。下面，我将以C6Test2Passage1的A段为例：Infact,Newmanbelievesthemainreasonforadoptingonesortoftransportoveranotherispolitics:'Themoredemocratictheprocess,themorepublictransportisfavored.'HeconsidersPortland,Oregon,aperfectexampleofthis.Someyearsago,federalmoneywasgrantedtobuildanewroad.However,localpressuregroupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead.Therailproposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.Intheyearsthathavefollowed,moreandmorerailsystemshavebeenputin,dramaticallychangingthenatureofthecity.NewmannotesthatPortlandhasaboutthesamepopulationasPerthandhadasimilarpopulationdensityatthetime.这段话的一句是Newman的观点，他认为，采用哪一种交通运输方式的主要因素是政治，决策越，公共交通就越容易受到支持。"

第二句话便引用了一个例子来论证这个观点，然后延续到整段话结束。所以这段话的核心内容都在一句话里面，同学们放心啃下这句话就成。再看C6Test4Passage3的D段：Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted‘beforeandafter'evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwo-yearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.不难看出，这段话的一、句也是段落主旨，总述三个因素导致了这个变化，接下来用三个并列的分论点进行阐述。

我们继续看另一种情况，还是拿C6Test2Passage1为例，其中C段Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatincreasingwealthencouragespeopletolivefartheroutwherecarsaretheonlyviabletransport.TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat.TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofthecarused.InStockholm,carusehasactuallyfalleninrecentyearsasthecityhasbecomelargerandwealthier.Anewstudymakesthispointevenmorestarkly.DevelopingcitiesinAsia,suchasJakartaandBangkok,makemoreuseofthecarthanwealthyAsiancitiessuchasTokyoandSingapore.Incitiesthatdevelopedlater,theWorldBankandAsianDevelopmentBankdiscouragedthebuildingofpublictransportandpeoplehavebeenforcedtorelyoncars-creatingthemassivetrafficjamsthatcharacterizethosecities.一眼看过去，一句话也妥妥的是一个观点句，但仔细一看第二句话TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat。当中有一个否定词refute，这样就把一个句子中大众观点给否定了，同学们要避免落入考官的陷阱，误以为富裕使得人们越来越依赖汽车。本篇中的E段也有着同样的出题套路，Itwasonceassumedthatimprovementintelecommunicationswouldleadtomoredispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedintocities.However,theISTPteam’sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseorremainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.Theexplanationforthisseemstobethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelatedfieldstogether.‘Thenewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity,andcreativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face.’只是同学们会发现，这段话的第二句话句首有个非常明显的转折连接词however，所以要注意积累此类表示前后方向相反的信号词"：but,however,yet,while,otherwise,rather,whereas,nonetheless,nevertheless,refute。

还有一种特殊的情况要关注，比如C6Test1Passage3的E段：WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeopleforwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeenproblems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trappingandpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavut's'iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.与前面的段落不同，这个段首句是个让步状语从句，后半句话的内容更为重要。整句话的意思：即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许不会真的挨饿受冻，但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。随即第二句话中便出现了具体的疾病名称，包括肥胖症，心脏病和糖尿病。遇到这种情况要注意让步关系的连接词：

although,though,despite,while。与总分结构相反的形式也很常见，比如C6Test4Passage1的F段，Freesamplesofnewandexpensivedrugsmightbethesinglemosteffectivewayofgettingdoctorsandpatientstobecomeloyaltoaproduct.Salespeoplehandouthundredsofdollars'worthofsampleseachweek-$7.2billionworthoftheminoneyear.Thoughfewcomprehensivestudieshavebeenconducted,onebytheUniversityofWashingtoninvestigatedhowdrugsampleavailabilityaffectedwhatphysiciansprescribe.Atotalof131doctorsself-reportedtheirprescribingpatterns-theconclusionwasthattheavailabilityofsamplesledthemtodispenseandprescribedrugsthatdifferedfromtheirpreferreddrugchoice.本段的结尾句有个很明显的总结：结论就是试用药的可获得性使得他们作出分发和开出不同于他们优选药品的选择。

再看C6Test2Passage1的D段，NewmanbelievesoneofthebeststudiesonhowcitiesbuiltforcarsmightbeconvertedtorailuseisTheUrbanVillagereport,whichusedMelbourneasanexample.Itfoundthatpushingeveryoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebestapproach.Instead,theproposaladvocatedthecreationofurbanvillagesathundredsofsites,mostlyaroundrailwaystations.本段一共只有三句话，一句话是例子，后面两句话偏向总结的内容，尤其是后一句话的句首有个instead，这个转折词足以引起我们的。细节内容

当然，不是所有的段落主旨句都是在段首尾处向你招手的，有些段落全段都是细节内容。在找不到主题句的时候，找核心词，尤其是重复出现的名词。

我们一起看下C8Test4Passage1的D部分，Itisremarkablethatlarge,mixed-abilityclassescouldbekepttogetherformathsthroughoutalltheircompulsoryschoolingfrom6to15.Teacherssaythattheygiveindividualhelpattheendofalessonorafterschool,settingextraworkifnecessary.Inobservedlessons,anystrugglerswouldbeassistedbytheteacherorquietlyseekhelpfromtheirneighbour.Carefullyfosteredclassidentitymakespupilskeentohelpeachother-anyway,itisintheirinterestssincetheclassprogressestogether.Thisscarcelyseemsadequatehelptoenableslowlearnerstokeepup.However,theJapaneseattitudetowardseducationrunsalongthelinesof'ifyouworkhardenough,youcandoalmostanything'.Parentsarekeptcloselyinformedoftheirchildren'sprogressandwillplayapartinhelpingtheirchildrentokeepupwithclass,sendingthemto'Juku'(privateeveningtuition)ifextrahelpisneededandencouragingthemtoworkharder.Itseemstowork,atleastfor95percentoftheschoolpopulation.这两段话频繁出现的名词便是help，我标黑体的内容虽然有一个是动词形式，一个是同义词assist，但基本含义都是帮助"。

然后在这前后找到帮助的对象，无论是一段话中的strugglers，还是第二段中的slowlearners，都指向学习稍差的学生。所以整段话的含义就是帮助后进生。本篇还有一种情况SectionB，LowersecondaryschoolsinJapancoverthreeschoolyears,fromtheseventhgrade(age13)totheninthgrade(age15).Virtuallyallpupilsatthisstageattendstateschools:only3percentareintheprivatesector.Schoolsareusuallymodernindesign,setwellbackfromtheroadandspaciousinside.Classroomsarelargeandpupilssitatsingledesksinrows.Lessonslastforastandardised50minutesandarealwaysfollowedbya10-minutebreak,whichgivesthepupilsachancetoletoffsteam.Teachersbeginwithaformaladdressandmutualbowing,andthenconcentrateonwhole-classteaching.Classesarelarge-usuallyabout40-andareunstreamed.Pupilsstayinthesameclassforalllessonsthroughouttheschoolanddevelopconsiderableclassidentityandloyalty.Pupilsattendtheschoolintheirownneighbourhood,whichintheoryremovesrankingbyschool.InpracticeinTokyo,becauseoftherelativeconcentrationofschools,thereissomecompetitiontogetintothe'better'schoolinaparticulararea.似乎在这两段话中找不到重复出现的名词，但我们会发现这些黑体字虽然无共性，但却指向性一致。关于pupils,schools,classrooms,teachers的描述都属于educationalbackground。

以上这种情况就是要注意积累上下义词了。比如C7Test1Passage2的D段考过freshwaterfishspecies,riverecosystems,soilquality,agriculturalproductivity等同于environment。看完以上三种段落结构，同学们是否清楚一些如何快速掌握阅读段落主旨的技巧呢这既是一种有效的应试策略，更是针对学术文章的良好阅读方法，为将来海外的学习奠定坚实的基础。