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托福阅读推理题攻略分享

公考之家 | 教育先行,筑梦人生!         

备考过及参加过托福考试的同学都有一个共同的感觉,所有题型中那个推理题不好解答。同学们的抱怨经常是找不到,不知道度如何把握。那么今天小编带大家一起来探讨一下推理型题目的相关知识吧。

首先看一下OG的解说ThesequestionsmeasureyourabilitytocomprehendanargumentoranideathatisstronglyimpliedbutNOTexplicitlystatedinthetext.

托福阅读推理题攻略分享

所以,推断题指文中包含推断所需信息,强烈暗示,但未直接陈述出来,需要考生:

从已知到未知

从客观到主观

从原文迈出一步

推理题题型辨别:题干中常用词:infer,imply,suggest,probably,mostlikely

leastlikely

试卷中所占比重:每篇0到3题,共3到5题。

常用题型表达:

Whatcanbeinferredabouthurricane?

It/whatcanbeinferredfrom

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred…

Whatprobablyoccurred……

推理题的出题思路可以分为:有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)如:

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutwhalesfromparagraph1?

○Theyareconsideredbysometobereptiles.

○Theirbodiesarebuiltinawaythathelpsthemmanageextremelycoldtemperatures.

○Theyaredistantlyrelatedtoleatherbackturtles.

○Theycanswimfartherthanleatherbackturtles.

无共性的推理题,也就是题干中监听索如Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?我们无法用题目核心词确定目标句。

从解题思路来说,可以分为逆向推理和正向推理

逆向推理一般应用在形成对比的事物或者时间段

根据两个事物的对比特征出题,问其中一个事物的特征时,只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。例如:

Whatcanbeinferredaboutearlyseaotters?

A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

C.Theylivedintheseaonly.

D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

托福阅读推理题攻略分享

据题干中的earlyseaotters确定的原文目标句Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithland-dwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruseswhoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.目标句告诉我们的是earlyseaotters和firstwhales不像,所以我们可以把firstwhales的特点反过来就是答案了。所以本题选择A。

再来看一个时间对比的例子:这类推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。如:

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforetheIndustrialRevolution

—familieswerelarger.

—populationstatisticswereunreliable.

—thepopulationgrewsteadily.

—economicconditionswerebad.

利用题干关键词beforetheIndustrialRevolution定位到BasiconanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth.ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.因为目标中提到sincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution,smallerfamilies,所以之前应该是大家庭。答案选择A。

但是有时候需要略微转化一下原文和选项如:

Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthemajorityoffilmsmadeafter1927?

Theyweretrulysilent".

Theywereaccompaniedbysymphonicorchestras.

Theyincorporatedthesoundoftheactors’voices.

Theycorresponded(related)tospecificmusicalcompositions.

根据题干1927,找到目标句Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927assilent",thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.Fromtheverybeginning,musicwasregardedasanindispensableaccompaniment.

并且可以得到结论after1927,电影应该是有声的。可是选项里面后三个都是有声的,所以要进一步确定有什么声音。从原文第二句可以看出,音乐声是一开始都有的,所以此题的有声是指演员说话声。所以选择C.

总结一下有共性的题目的解题思路:读题干,确定是推理题

1.读题干,确定是推理题

2.识别题干中关键词

3.定位原文目标句

4.仔细阅读目标句,做出合适推理

5.浏览选项,得出答案(正向选择加排除法)

另外一种经典推理思路是正向推理法。

正向推理的条件:整体和部分特质一致

A:给定段落中无推理对象

B:举例引发的整体和部分推理

如:Whichofthefollowingreasonsissuggestedinparagraph2fortheextinctionofthedinosaurs?

ChangesinthelengthsofthedaysandnightsduringthelateCretaceousperiod

托福阅读推理题攻略分享

Droughtscausedbythemovementofseawaysbackintotheoceans.

ThechangefrommildtosevereclimatesduringtheLateCretaceousperiod

Anextremedecreaseintheaverageyearlytemperatureover10,000years

Overaperiodofabout100,000years,whiletheseaspulledback,climatesaroundtheworldbecamedramaticallymoreextreme:warmerdays,coolernights;hottersummers,colderwinters.Perhapsdinosaurscouldnottoleratetheseextremetemperaturechangesandbecameextinct.

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