雅思写作必考话题之老龄化

本期导读老龄化是雅思写作每年必考话题之一，关于老龄化带来的利弊和我们应该采取的应对措施都是各位考生要关注的。今天这篇经济学人地道的语料是备考不可多得的好素材。原文经过了大幅减，斜体加粗的部分是很好的表达，大家可以背下来。同一个句子中加下划线的部分要前后连起来看，

比如workforces......areshrinking.....

AgeingIsaDragPopulationageinghaseconomistsworriedabouteverythingfromsoaringpensioncoststochronicallyweakeconomicgrowth.人口老龄化让经济学家在各方面都很担忧，从激增的养老金到长期疲软的经济增长。Thetrendslowsgrowthinseveralways.Oneisthattherearefewernewworkerstoboostoutput.Workforcesinmanycountriesarealreadyshrinkingbecauseofdemographicchange.老龄化趋势从几个方面会减缓经济的增长。首先，增加产出的新工人更少了。许多国家的劳动力已经在减少，由于人口结构的变化。

Asthenumberofelderlypeopleincreases,governmentsmayneglectgrowth-boostingpublicinvestmentineducationandinfrastructureinfavourofspendingonpensionsandhealthcare.Peopleinwork,requiredtosupportevermorepensioners,mustpayhighertaxes.随着老年人数量的增加，可能会忽略对教育和基础设施的经济增长刺激性公共投资，而是投资养老金和医疗保障。工作的人必须要承担更高的税来支持更多的养老金领取者。

Butthebiggesthittogrowthcomesfromweakeningproductivitybecausesomecapabilities,notablyphysicalones,deterioratewithage.但是对经济增加很大的打击源于降低生产力，因为一些能力，尤其是身体上的，会随着年龄的增长而退化。Therearesomemeasuresthatcouldhelp.Itwouldmakesensetofocuspolicyeffortsonkeepingpeopleinworklonger—byraisingretirementages,forexample.Companiescantweakemployees’rolesastheygetolderinordertomakebestuseoftheadvantagesofage,suchasextensiveexperienceandprofessionalconnections.一些措施可能有所帮助。将政策重点放在延长工作时间上是有意义的，比如提高退休年龄。随着年龄的增长，公司可以调整员工的职位，以充分利用年龄的优势，比如丰富的经验和人脉关系。

Bestofallwouldbemoreimmigration.Aninfluxofyoungforeignworkerswouldaddressnearlyallthewaysinwhichpopulationageingdepressesgrowth.Itwouldnotonlyexpandthelabourforceandcreatenewtaxpayers,butwouldmeanmoreandyoungercompanies,andgreateropennesstonewtechnologies.好的办法是。外国年轻劳动力的流入几乎能解决老龄化抑制经济增长的所有问题。不仅能增加劳动力和新的纳税人，还意味着更多和更年轻的公司，和对新科技更开放的态度。Technologymayatsomepointovercomethestiflingeffectofageing.Whenyoungworkersaresufficientlyscarce,manufacturersinvestinmoreautomation,andexperiencefasterproductivitygrowthasaresult.科技在某些情况下也能战胜老龄化带来的抑制作用。

当年轻劳动力稀缺时，制造商投资于自动化，从而收获更快速的生产力增长。【文章来源】：Ageingisadrag.Theorginialartical,inEnglish,canbefoundonPage78,TheEconomist,Volume430Number9136,March30th2019.近几年老龄化考题展示Itisexpectedthattherewillbeahigherproportionofolderpeoplethanyoungpeopleinmanycountriesinthefuture.Doyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?Inthedevelopedworld,averagelifeexpectancyisincreasing.Whatproblemswillthiscauseforindividualsandsociety?Suggestsomemeasuresthatcouldbetakentoreducetheimpactofageingpopulations.劳动辛苦，点个在看再走吧！只要支持人多，会一直做下去！