托福听写答案分享 托福阅读

下面小编跟大家一起了解托福听写答案分享，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

NARRATOR:Listentopartofalectureinafilmstudiesclass.

MALEPROFESSOR:Nowadays,wetakesoundinfilmsforgranted—Imean,youstillmightseeblackandwhitefilmsoccasionally,butyou‘llhardlyeverseesilentfilmsanymore.Soit’sinterestingtonotethattheuseofrecordedsoundwasoriginallycontroversial.Andsomedirectors,uh,somefilmmakerseventhoughtitshouldn’tbeused.Thatitwoulddestroythepurityofcinema,somehowreversealltheprogressthathadbeenmadeintheartofcinema.Abby?

FEMALESTUDENT:Whataboutallthesoundsyouhearinsomesilentmovies?Like,youknow,er...aloudsoundwhensomebodyfallsdownorsomething?

MALEPROFESSOR:OK,you’retalkingaboutasoundtrackaddedmuchlater,whichhas,overtime,becomepartofthefilmweknow.Butthisrecordedtrackdidn’texistthen.Andit’snotthatmostpeopledidn’twantsoundinfilms;it’sjustthatthetechnologywasn’tavailableyet.Don’tforgetthatinsteadofrecordedsoundtherewasoftenlivemusicthataccompaniedmoviesinthosedays—likeapianoplayeroralargerorchestrainthemovietheater.

Also,thinkofthestage,thelivetheater—ithasusedwonderfulsoundeffectsforalongtime.Andifwanted,thesecouldbeproducedduringtheviewingofafilm.Youknow,therollingofdrumsforthunderorwhatever.Butthatwasn’tascommon.Oh,andanotherthing,thattheymighthaveinmovietheatersintheearlydays,wasagroupofliveactorsreadingthepartstogoalongwiththefilm.Or,andthisseemsaparticularlybadideatousnow,onepersonnarratingtheaction…anearlyexampleofalongtraditionofmovieproducers,theonesconcernedmostlyaboutmakingmoney,nothavingmuchconfidenceintheiraudience,thinkingthatpeoplesomehowcouldn’tfollowtheeventsotherwise.

So,itfinallybecamepossibletoplayrecordedsoundaspartofthefilminthe1920s.Troublewas,itwasn’talwaysusedtoverygoodeffect.First,itwas,youknow,amazingtoseesomebody’smouthmoveatthesametimeyouhearthewords…orhearadoorclosewhenyouseeitclosingon-screen.Butthatlusterwearsoff,ofcourse,andifyou’readirector,afilmmaker,what’sthenextstep?

FEMALESTUDENT:Well,usesoundtoenhancethemovie,right?Bringsomethingmoretoitthatwasn’tpossible…MALEPROFESSOR:Yes,that’sexactlywhatdirectorswhoweremoreinterestedincinemaasart,notcommerce,werethinking.Buttheyalsopredictedthattherewouldbeaproblemthatsoundwouldbemisusedand,boy,wasitever…Becausethecommercialtypes,theproducersandsoon,werethinking,"OK,nowthatsoundispossible,let’stalkasmuchaspossibleandforgetaboutthefactthatwe’remakingamovie,thatwehavethispowerfulvisualmedium."

So,manyofthefilmsofthetwentieswerebasicallystraightadaptationsofsuccessfulshowsfromthestage,theater.Thenametheyusedforsoundfilmsthenwastalkingfilms,"andthatwasonthemark,since,well,alltheyprettymuchdidwastalk.Andtalk.So,theremedy?

Well,whatwasproposedbyanumberoffilmmakersandtheoristswasthecreative,expressiveuseofsound,whattheygenerallycallednonsynchronoussound.OK,synchronoussoundmeansbasicallythatwhatweheariswhatwesee.Everythingonthesoundtrackisseenonthescreen.

Andeverythingwasrecordedsimultaneously,which,well,sincethesoundtechniciansworkingonfilmsoftenhadexperiencewithliveradio,thatmadesensetothem.Recordingthesoundseparatelyandaddingitinafterward,thatideawaslessobvious.Anyway,synchronoussoundmeansthesourceofthesoundistheimageonthescreen.Nonsynchronoussoundthen,is…

FEMALESTUDENT:Thesounddoesn’tmatchthepicture?MALEPROFESSOR:Right.Nowwecanlookatthisinvariousways,butlet’stakeitasliterallyaspossible.

Music,unlessweseetheradioortheorchestra,that’snonsynchronous.Ifthecamerashotisofthelistenerratherthanthespeaker,that’snonsynchronous.Ifwehear,say,backgroundsoundsthataren’tonthescreen,that’snonsynchronous.

So,thatdoesn’tseemsoradical,doesit?But,again,thoseearlyproducersdidn’tthinktheiraudiencescouldkeepupwiththis.

FEMALESTUDENT:Excuseme,butdidyousayearlierthatsomefilmmakersactuallyadvocatednotusingsoundatall?MALEPROFESSOR:Well,yes,butthatwasabitofanexaggeration,Iguess.WhatImeanttosaywasthatsomefilmmakersthoughtthatthewaythefilmsoundwasactuallyusedwassettingtheartoffilmmakingback.Buteveryoneagreedthatsoundsolvedsomeverydifficultissues,andofferedpotentiallyexcitingtools.