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从词汇学的角度理解单词构成之前缀 英语学习

国内教师联盟 | 教育先行,筑梦人生!         

相信每一个在备战语言类考试的同学们,都在被背单词"这件事情苦苦折磨中。托福阅读的所选取的文章都是长度700-800字的学术话题的文章,词汇的考察更是重中之重。所有关于阅读考试的技巧,都是建立在有一定词汇量,能够完成基本长难句,段落理解之上的。所以说,不存在可以绕过背单词这一项的提高阅读分数的应试技巧的。

However,someskillsdoexistinmemorizingwords.在词汇学中,英语单词的构成其实往往是有规律可循的。Therearesixmajormethodsofword-formation:affixation(词缀),conversion(转换),composition(复合),blending(混合),backformation(逆序构词),andshortening(原词截短缩略词)

从词汇学的角度理解单词构成之前缀 英语学习

在平常词汇积累中,比较常见比较实用的方法,是通过affixation,即词缀来辅助我们记忆单词。Affixationfallsintotwocategories:prefixation(前缀)andsuffixation(后缀)。今天,先给大家总结一些,比较常见的Prefixes。

1.NegativePrefixes(否定前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

un-

not,

theconverse

of

unwise

non-

nonessential

dis-

dishonest

in-

informal

im-

immature

il-

illegal

ir-

irregular

a-

amoral

2.ReversativePrefixes(逆反前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

un-

reversing

the

action

unpack

de-

decode

dis-

disconnect

3.PejorativePrefixes(贬义前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

mis-

wrongly

mishear

mal-

bad

Malformed(adj.难看的;畸形的)

pseudo-

false

Pseudoscience(n.伪科学)

4.PrefixesofDegreeorSize(表范围和程度的前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

arch-

supreme

archbishop(n.大主教)

super-

morethan

supermarket

out-

surpassing

outlive(v.比…活的长)

sur-

over

surcharge(n./v.额外收费)

sub-

below

subnormal

over-

excessive

overconfident

under-

toolittle

underhand(adj.秘密的,不正常的)

hyper-

extreme

hypercritical(adj.过于苛刻的)

ultra-

extreme

ultrafashionable

mini-

little

miniskirt

co-

jointly

从词汇学的角度理解单词构成之前缀 英语学习

co-author

extra-

very

extra-large

micro-

small

microeconomics(n.微观经济学)

macro

large

macroeconomics(n.宏观经济学)

5.PrefixesofAttitude(表态度的前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

co-

with

cooperate

counter-

against

counterattack

anti-

against

anti-clockwiseadj.逆时针方向的

pro-

for

pro-Chinese(亲中立场;支持的)

6.LocativePrefixes(表方位的前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

sub-

under

subway

inter-

between,among

international

trans-

across,fromoneplacetoanother

transplant

fore-

front

forename

extra-

outside

extra-curricular

intra-

within

intra-party

tele-

distant

telescope

7.PrefixesofTimeandOrder(表时间和顺序的前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

fore-

before

foresee

pre-

inadvance

preschool

post-

after

postindustrial

ex-

former

ex-president

re-

again

resell

8.NumberPrefixes(数字前缀)

prefixes

meaning

examples

semi-,demi-,hemi-

half

semi-feudal(adj.半封建的)hemisphere(n.半球)

uni-,mono-

one

uniform,monotone(n.单音调;adj.单调的)

bi-,di-

two

bilingual(n.能说两种语言的人),dioxide(n.二氧化物)

tri-

three

triangle(n.三角形)

从词汇学的角度理解单词构成之前缀 英语学习

quadr(i)-

four

quadrennial(adj.每四年一次的)

看完这些前缀的总结,是不是发现很多单词其实是可以一起打包理解记忆的。甚至在做阅读理解的时候,可以根据某些单词的前缀来大致猜测词义。归纳总结完单词中常见的前缀prefixes,下一次再帮大家总结归纳常见的后缀suffixes吧!

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