雅思学术类阅读题型之选择题 雅思备考

雅思考试已经近在眼前了。不知道各位考生们现在是否已经制定好了适合自己的复习备考计划。下面小编对雅思学术类阅读题型——选择题做了总结，希望能帮到即将考试的各位考生们，下面一起来看看吧~

AcademicReadingsampletask–Multiplechoice

[Note:ThisisanextractfromanAcademicReadingpassageonthesubjectofgovernmentsubsidiestofarmers.Thetextprecedingthisextractexplainedhowsubsidiescanleadtoactivitieswhichcauseuneconomicalandirreversiblechangestotheenvironment.]

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentalimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilisersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsordiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedStates,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil'sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthaninAmerica.

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense:about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer'seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilisersandpesticides.FertiliserusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilisersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertiliseruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-clearingandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwasthesubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountriestheyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidised-andgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

AcademicReadingsampletask–MultiplechoiceQuestions10–12

ChoosetheappropriatelettersA,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes10-12onyouranswersheet.

10Researchcompletedin1982foundthatintheUnitedStatessoilerosion

Areducedtheproductivityoffarmlandby20percent.

BwasalmostassevereasinIndiaandChina.

Cwascausingsignificantdamageto20percentoffarmland.

Dcouldbereducedbyconvertingcultivatedlandtomeadoworforest.

11Bythemid-1980s,farmersinDenmark

Aused50percentlessfertiliserthanDutchfarmers.

Busedtwiceasmuchfertiliserastheyhadin1960.

Cappliedfertilisermuchmorefrequentlythanin1960.

Dmorethandoubledtheamountofpesticidetheyusedinjust3years.

12WhichoneofthefollowingincreasedinNewZealandafter1984?

Afarmincomes

Buseoffertiliser

Cover-stocking

Dfarmdiversification

答案往下

AcademicReadingsampletask–Multiplechoice

Answers:10C11B12D